The Smoothie King franchise cost is $329,850 to $683,715 for an end-cap or in-line store and $639,950 to $1,278,900 for a free-standing drive-thru, by the Item 7 lines of the FDD issued April 8, 2026.
Key takeaways
- Two priced formats, one unpriced: the Smoothie King Franchise Disclosure Document, issued April 8, 2026 prints Item 7 tables for an end-cap or in-line store and a free-standing drive-thru; a non-traditional unit has no table of its own (Item 7, Note 17).
- The drive-thru range is $638,950 wide: its high estimate sits $595,185 above the end-cap high, and $475,000 of its spread comes from leasehold improvements of $350,000 to $825,000 (Item 7, Note 12).
- Site work is extra: a free-standing building excludes site work, materials testing, zoning and impact fees estimated at $150,000 to $300,000, and land is not counted at all (Item 7, Notes 2 and 19).
- Two Minnesota copies, two totals: the amended Minnesota copy prints a drive-thru TOTAL of $624,950 to $1,253,900, exactly the line sum minus the $15,000 to $25,000 Additional Funds line.
- A fixed floor before sales: the $500 minimum Operating Fee, $200 Technology Fee and $290 to $350 Software and Security Fee come to at least $990 a month (Items 6 and 11).
| Key number | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| End-cap or in-line Item 7 (sum of lines) | $329,850 to $683,715 | FDD issued April 8, 2026, Item 7 |
| Free-standing drive-thru Item 7 (sum of lines) | $639,950 to $1,278,900 | FDD issued April 8, 2026, Item 7 |
| Initial franchise fee | $30,000 traditional; $25,000 for an existing franchisee; $15,000 non-traditional | Item 5 |
| Paid to Smoothie King before opening | $27,500 to $50,000 | Cover page |
| Operating Fee (royalty) | 6% of Gross Sales, $500 monthly minimum | Item 6 |
| National Marketing Fee | 3% of monthly Gross Sales, can rise to 5% | Item 6 |
| Site work outside Item 7, free-standing | $150,000 to $300,000 | Item 7, Notes 12 and 19 |
| Fifth-year refurbishment cap | $25,000 materials and equipment, labor excluded | Item 6; Franchise Agreement 10.3.12 |
| Units at end of 2025 | 1,242 (1,200 franchised, 42 company affiliate owned) | Item 20, Table 1 |
Which Smoothie King Item 7 table applies to your site, and how wide is each range?
Smoothie King classes every site as Traditional unless it approves a Non-Traditional location in writing (Item 1). Traditional sites then split into two Item 7 tables: an end-cap or in-line store at $329,850 to $683,715 and a free-standing drive-thru at $639,950 to $1,278,900. The table below sets the 16 lines side by side, with the gap between each high and low estimate in its own column.
The federal Franchise Rule allows this split: 16 CFR 436.5(g) says franchisors “may include additional expenditure tables” for differences in site location and premises size. Smoothie King uses that permission for its two Traditional formats only.
| Item 7 line | End-cap or in-line | Spread | Free-standing drive-thru | Spread | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial franchise fee | $25,000 to $30,000 | $5,000 | $25,000 to $30,000 | $5,000 | Item 7, Item 5; Note 1 |
| Three months’ rent and deposit | $5,000 to $25,000 | $20,000 | $5,000 to $30,000 | $25,000 | Item 7, Note 2 |
| Technology systems | $9,100 to $12,215 | $3,115 | $12,000 to $14,500 | $2,500 | Item 7, Note 3 |
| Grand opening marketing (traditional minimum) | $15,000 | $0 | $15,000 | $0 | Item 7, Note 4 |
| Travel and training | $0 to $6,000 | $6,000 | $0 to $6,000 | $6,000 | Item 7, Note 5 |
| Insurance, first year | $2,500 to $7,500 | $5,000 | $3,500 to $7,500 | $4,000 | Item 7, Note 6 |
| Other prepaid expenses | $1,000 to $2,500 | $1,500 | $14,700 to $29,400 | $14,700 | Item 7, Note 7 |
| Start-up supplies, smallwares and inventory | $27,250 to $27,750 | $500 | $25,250 to $25,750 | $500 | Item 7, Note 8 |
| Furniture, fixtures, equipment, millwork, graphics | $85,000 to $159,000 | $74,000 | $95,000 to $140,000 | $45,000 | Item 7, Note 9 |
| Architectural and engineering services | $3,500 to $17,000 | $13,500 | $25,000 to $50,000 | $25,000 | Item 7, Note 10 |
| Signage | $5,000 to $14,000 | $9,000 | $28,000 to $38,000 | $10,000 | Item 7, Note 11 |
| Leasehold improvements | $145,000 to $300,000 | $155,000 | $350,000 to $825,000 | $475,000 | Item 7, Note 12 |
| Legal, accounting and organizational | $500 to $4,000 | $3,500 | $500 to $4,000 | $3,500 | Item 7, Note 13 |
| Miscellaneous | $1,000 to $5,000 | $4,000 | $1,000 to $5,000 | $4,000 | Item 7, Note 14 |
| Drive-thru package | $0 to $33,750 | $33,750 | $25,000 to $33,750 | $8,750 | Item 7, Note 15 |
| Additional funds, 3 months | $5,000 to $25,000 | $20,000 | $15,000 to $25,000 | $10,000 | Item 7, Note 16 |
| Sum of the lines (our addition) | $329,850 to $683,715 | $353,865 | $639,950 to $1,278,900 | $638,950 | Arithmetic on the 16 lines |
| TOTAL row, April 8, 2026 copy | $329,850 to $683,715 | $353,865 | $639,950 to $1,278,900 | $638,950 | Item 7 and cover page |
| TOTAL row, amended Minnesota copy | $329,850 to $683,215 | $353,365 | $624,950 to $1,253,900 | $628,950 | Item 7, amended pages 15 and 16 |
Item 7 of the Smoothie King FDD issued April 8, 2026 adds to $329,850 to $683,715 for an end-cap or in-line store and $639,950 to $1,278,900 for a free-standing drive-thru. Source: Minnesota CARDS copy, accessed November 2, 2026.
Five lines are identical in both tables: the $25,000 to $30,000 fee, the $15,000 traditional grand opening minimum, travel and training at $0 to $6,000, legal and accounting at $500 to $4,000 and miscellaneous at $1,000 to $5,000. The drive-thru line is $0 to $33,750 in the end-cap table because Note 15 assumes the low-end store has no window. For how these spreads compare with other systems, our franchise initial investment study of 259 FDDs measures low-to-high gaps by sector.
What makes a free-standing Smoothie King cost up to $595,185 more at the high end?
Leasehold improvements explain most of the difference. Note 12 prices an end-cap at $145,000 to $300,000 to alter an existing interior, while the drive-thru figure of $350,000 to $825,000 covers constructing the building. That one line adds $525,000 to the drive-thru high estimate. Signage, architects and other prepaid expenses add $83,900 more, partly offset by a furniture and equipment high that is $19,000 lower.
Leasehold improvements carry a $155,000 spread in the end-cap table and $475,000 in the drive-thru table, the widest line in both. Source: Smoothie King FDD issued April 8, 2026, Item 7; spreads are our arithmetic.
What does each format’s estimate assume?
The notes to Item 7 change scope by format, so the same line name covers different work in each table. Five of the 19 notes decide whether a contractor’s quote for permits, design, signs or the shell belongs inside the Smoothie King estimate or must be added on top of it.
- Note 7, other prepaid expenses: impact fees are included for a free-standing drive-thru ($14,700 to $29,400) and excluded for an end-cap ($1,000 to $2,500).
- Note 10, architects and engineers: civil and landscaping work is included in the drive-thru range of $25,000 to $50,000 and excluded from the end-cap range of $3,500 to $17,000.
- Note 11, signage: free-standing pylon signs appear only in the drive-thru range of $28,000 to $38,000.
- Note 12, leasehold: the end-cap high end of $300,000 assumes a shell delivered without floor, walls, electrical or HVAC.
- Note 19, drive-thru-only buildings: a 630 to 1,000 sq ft drive-thru-only building is said to differ “insignificantly” from the drive-thru table.
What sits outside the drive-thru table?
Note 2 leaves land acquisition out of every Smoothie King figure. Note 12 puts the site work for a free-standing building at $150,000 to $300,000 and leaves it out “due to the wide variance in costs”, noting that a landlord often covers a significant portion. On a pad you own, the arithmetic is $639,950 to $1,278,900 plus $150,000 to $300,000, or $789,950 to $1,578,900 before land.
What changes for a non-traditional Smoothie King inside an airport, campus or gym?
A Non-Traditional Unit sits inside a Captive Facility such as an enclosed mall, airport, hospital, university, military base, health club or grocery store (Item 1). The fee drops to $15,000 under the Exhibit E addendum, but the store loses its Protected Territory and has no Item 7 table; Note 17 says the totals exclude the $15,000 fee. The matrix below sets out every rule in Items 5 to 17 that differs by format.
| Rule | End-cap or in-line | Free-standing drive-thru | Non-traditional | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Own Item 7 table | Yes | Yes | No; Note 17 says the totals exclude the $15,000 fee | Item 7 |
| Initial franchise fee | $30,000 ($25,000 existing franchisee) | $30,000 ($25,000 existing franchisee) | $15,000 | Item 5; Exhibit E 3.1 |
| Typical space | 1,200 to 1,400 sq ft | 630 to 1,000 sq ft if drive-thru-only | 400 to 600 sq ft; kiosk, food court or campus 100 to 500 | Item 7, Notes 2 and 19 |
| Design documents fee | $2,000 | $2,500 | $2,000 for a kiosk | Item 8 |
| New-unit grand opening minimum | $15,000 | $15,000 | $7,500 | Items 5 and 11 |
| Regional Marketing Fund, up to 2% | Contributes if one exists | Contributes if one exists | Does not contribute | Item 6 |
| Protected Territory | About 15,000 people | About 15,000 people | None | Item 12 |
| Open-by deadline after signing | 18 months | 24 months | 18 months | Item 11 |
| Counts toward an area development schedule | Yes | Yes | Only if agreed in writing | Items 5 and 12 |
| Term | 10 years | 10 years | 10 years, or less if the lease is shorter | Item 17 |
Fees that do not change by format include the 6% Operating Fee, the 3% National Marketing Fee and the fifth-year refurbishment cap; the general comments to Item 6 say all fees apply to both Traditional and Non-Traditional locations unless noted. Item 12 defines the traditional Protected Territory by a business, seasonal or residential count of about 15,000 people. Our franchise territory rights study shows how often other FDDs grant protected but non-exclusive areas.
What does a three- to five-unit development deal cost in fees?
The Area Development Agreement requires at least 3 Traditional units and charges a development fee of $12,500 for each unit after the first, paid in a lump sum at signing with the $30,000 fee for Unit 1 (Item 5). Each later unit’s $25,000 fee is reduced by the $12,500 already paid if it opens on schedule.
| Units committed | Development fee | Paid at signing (with Unit 1 fee of $30,000) | Later balances | Total fees to Smoothie King |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 2 x $12,500 = $25,000 | $55,000 | 2 x $12,500 | $80,000 |
| 4 | 3 x $12,500 = $37,500 | $67,500 | 3 x $12,500 | $105,000 |
| 5 | 4 x $12,500 = $50,000 | $80,000 | 4 x $12,500 | $130,000 |
The first unit fee falls to $25,000 for an existing franchisee in good standing, which lowers each signing total by $5,000. Item 7 gives no investment estimate for a development deal beyond the fee itself. Our area development agreement study compares these fees with 259 other FDDs.
Why do the Minnesota copies of the 2026 FDD print two different Item 7 totals?
Minnesota CARDS holds two marked copies of the Smoothie King FDD issued April 8, 2026: a 287-page redline against the 2025 to 2026 FDD and an 8-page amendment redline created May 6, 2026. In Item 7 the amendment changes only the TOTAL rows and the matching cover sentence, alongside edits to Items 6 and 17. It leaves all 16 lines untouched, so its totals no longer equal the lines it sums.
| Where the figure appears | End-cap or in-line | Free-standing drive-thru | What it matches |
|---|---|---|---|
| Item 7 lines, FDD issued April 8, 2026 (our addition) | $329,850 to $683,715 | $639,950 to $1,278,900 | The 16 printed lines |
| TOTAL row and cover, April 8, 2026 copy | $329,850 to $683,715 | $639,950 to $1,278,900 | Matches the lines |
| TOTAL row and cover, amended Minnesota copy | $329,850 to $683,215 | $624,950 to $1,253,900 | Drive-thru equals the lines minus Additional Funds ($15,000 to $25,000); end-cap high is $500 under the lines |
| Smoothie King franchise-process page, accessed November 2, 2026 | $329,850 to $683,715 | $639,950 to $1,278,900 | Matches the lines; cites an FDD “as amended September 2, 2026” |
| Smoothie King FAQ page, accessed November 2, 2026 | $346,350 to $679,465 | $661,150 to $1,277,650 | The 2025 to 2026 FDD totals, struck in the 2026 redline |
| A franchise-news cost profile updated for 2026 | $346,350 to $679,465 | $661,150 to $1,277,650 | The 2025 to 2026 FDD totals |
The drive-thru gap of $15,000 at the low end and $25,000 at the high end equals the Additional Funds, 3 Months line exactly, which suggests that line dropped out of the amended sum; the FDD does not say why. Smoothie King’s own franchise-process page cites an FDD “as amended September 2, 2026” that we did not find on Minnesota CARDS on November 2, 2026. Ask the franchise development director which Item 7 version your Receipt (Exhibit K) covers before you sign.
What does Item 8 force you to buy, and from whom?
Item 8 estimates that purchases meeting Smoothie King’s specifications make up about 80% to 100% of the cost of establishing the store and 20% to 35% of the cost to operate it. Smoothie King and its affiliates received rebates of 1.3% to 13.4% of the purchase price of specific products in 2025, worth about $14,500,081, or 21.92% of the franchisor’s total revenues of $66,163,713.
| What you buy | Who you must buy it from | Cost or term disclosed | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preliminary space plan and design documents | Smoothie King’s Design and Construction department | $2,000 kiosk, in-line, end-cap; $2,500 free-standing | Item 8 |
| Computer System and POS | Smoothie King or an approved supplier; approved installer | $9,100 to $19,000 up front for hardware and installation | Items 8 and 11 |
| Furniture, fixtures, equipment, cabinetry, finishes | Designated suppliers in your design documents | $85,000 to $159,000 end-cap; $95,000 to $140,000 drive-thru | Items 7 and 8 |
| Frozen fruit and vegetables, proprietary mixes, paper, logo items | Performance Food Group/Roma or other approved vendors | Prices move with volume, freight and ingredient costs | Item 8 |
| Vitamins and supplements for retail | Approved suppliers | Branded items from designated third parties | Items 1 and 8 |
| Inventory and scheduling software | Crunchtime or another designated vendor | Not priced separately in Item 8 | Item 8 |
| Loyalty, email, catering and delivery | Healthy Rewards program and approved suppliers | Participation required | Items 8 and 16 |
| Any item from an unapproved supplier | Written request; testing | Actual inspection cost; 5 business days to 6 months for a decision | Items 6 and 8 |
Item 8 also warns that franchisees entering new markets should expect higher freight costs, a point Note 8 repeats for the $25,250 to $27,750 inventory line. Our franchise supplier rebates study sets the 21.92% share against other franchisors’ required-purchase revenue.
What fixed charges hit every month before any percentage fee?
Item 6 sets the Operating Fee at 6% of Gross Sales, subject to a monthly minimum of $500, plus a National Marketing Fee of 3% that Smoothie King may raise to 5% on 60 days’ notice. Three technology charges are flat. Added together, the fixed amounts form a floor of $990 to $1,050 a month, or up to $1,150 with PCI certification, that applies until 6% of Gross Sales exceeds $500.
| Charge | Low | High | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Fee minimum (applies when 6% of Gross Sales is less) | $500 | $500 | Item 6 |
| Technology Fee (capped at $1,000) | $200 | $200 | Item 6 |
| Software and Security Fee (capped at $1,000) | $290 | $350 | Items 6 and 11 |
| Fixed floor per month | $990 | $1,050 | Our addition |
| Same floor over 12 months | $11,880 | $12,600 | Our arithmetic |
| PCI compliance certification, if charged in full | Up to $100 more | Up to $1,150 a month in all | Item 11 |
Item 11 adds that there are “no contractual limitations” on the cost or frequency of required technology upgrades, and estimates optional or required maintenance and support at under $2,000 a year. The Item 11 Computer System estimate of $9,100 to $19,000 up front runs above both Item 7 technology lines ($9,100 to $12,215 and $12,000 to $14,500). Our franchise technology requirements study lists the same disclosures across 259 FDDs.
When do the opening deadlines and the fifth-year refurbishment arrive?
Item 11 puts the typical time from signing to opening at 6 to 12 months for both Traditional and Non-Traditional locations. The Franchise Agreement then sets hard dates that differ for a free-standing drive-thru, and Section 10.3.12 requires a refurbishment to the current design before the end of the fifth year after opening.
- Day 0: sign and pay the $30,000 fee ($15,000 non-traditional), at least 14 calendar days after receiving the FDD.
- Month 9: a binding lease or a property purchase must be in place, or the agreement is in default.
- Month 18: opening deadline for end-cap, in-line and non-traditional units; after it Smoothie King may charge the $500 a month minimum Operating Fee.
- Month 24: opening deadline for a free-standing drive-thru; other formats’ agreements terminate automatically if still unopened.
- Month 30: a drive-thru agreement terminates automatically if the unit is not open.
- Opening: spend the grand opening minimum, $15,000 traditional or $7,500 non-traditional, from 4 weeks before to 3 months after opening.
- Year 5: refurbish to the then-current design, with materials and equipment capped at $25,000 and labor not capped.
- Year 10: the term ends; one 10-year renewal costs 1/2 of the then-current fee plus a $775 renewal upgrade design fee.
Training runs up to 20 days, and the Note 5 travel estimate of $0 to $6,000 assumes one attendee. Our study of opening times in 259 FDDs shows where the 6 to 12 month Smoothie King estimate sits.
How much cash does Smoothie King ask for, and where is the income data?
Smoothie King publishes two different minimums. Its franchise-process page lists $175,000 of liquidity, $400,000 of net worth and a 700 credit score; its FAQ page still lists $150,000 and $350,000, both checked November 2, 2026. Item 7, Note 18 says Smoothie King offers no direct or indirect financing.
The brand appears in the SBA Franchise Directory effective September 29, 2026 under code S1591, with a note that the Lease Rider may not be executed when the business’s real estate secures the SBA-guaranteed loan. Any SBA-backed loan is still the lender’s decision on your file.
Item 19 does contain financial performance data: average annual Unit Net Sales by segment for 2025, 2024 and 2023, and average Net Sales percentage increases back to 2018. We do not republish those figures. What reaches an owner depends on those sales less the 6% Operating Fee, the 3% National Marketing Fee, the 2% local spend, rent from Note 2 and labor, so read Item 19 of your own copy with a CPA. Our Item 19 study explains what these tables measure.
Which Smoothie King format matches your cash, site and plans?
The site decides the table, so start from the real estate you can get. Each row below ties one situation to the FDD clause that prices it; amounts come from the FDD issued April 8, 2026 unless the row cites the franchisor’s website.
| If your situation is | Then plan on | FDD basis |
|---|---|---|
| The site is inside an airport, hospital, campus, arena, gym or grocery store | A Non-Traditional Unit: $15,000 fee, $7,500 grand opening minimum, no Protected Territory, no Regional Marketing Fund, and a build-out quote of your own because no Item 7 table covers it | Items 1, 5, 6, 7 (Note 17), 12 |
| A strip-center end cap whose landlord delivers HVAC, storefront, walls and floor | Leasehold near the $145,000 low end; the end-cap table tops out at $683,715 | Item 7, Note 12 |
| A strip-center space delivered as a shell without floor, walls, electrical or HVAC | Leasehold toward the $300,000 high end | Item 7, Note 12 |
| A pad site where you put up a building | $639,950 to $1,278,900, plus $150,000 to $300,000 of site work, plus any land price, and 24 months to open | Item 7, Notes 2, 12, 19; Item 11 |
| Liquid funds under $175,000 or net worth under $400,000 | A gap against the franchise-process page minimums; ask which of the two published sets applies in writing | Smoothie King website, November 2026 |
| Honorably discharged veteran, active service member, or first responder with 10 years | 20% off: $30,000 becomes $24,000; renewal fee not discounted | Item 5 |
| You want 3 or more traditional units | An Area Development Agreement: $55,000 at signing for 3 units, $80,000 for 5 | Item 5 |
| You already run a Smoothie King in good standing | $25,000 per additional franchise fee | Item 5 |
| You want the lowest equipment line | The $85,000 end-cap low assumes used equipment that Smoothie King approves at its discretion | Item 7, Note 9 |
This page is general information, not legal, financial or investment advice. Our veteran franchise discounts study sets the 20% Smoothie King offer against other FDDs. Bring the Item 7 line you are least sure of to a franchise attorney or CPA and ask what your landlord’s delivery condition does to it. The FTC Consumer’s Guide to Buying a Franchise lists further questions, our guide to reading a franchise disclosure document explains each Item, and our franchise costs guide compares fees across brands.
How we compiled this
We read both Minnesota CARDS files of the Smoothie King FDD issued April 8, 2026 (a 287-page redline and an 8-page amendment redline), kept the inserted text and dropped the struck text, and re-added both Item 7 tables line by line. We also checked 16 CFR 436.5, the SBA Franchise Directory file of September 29, 2026 and three Smoothie King franchise pages on November 2, 2026. Item 19 sales figures are excluded under our site rule.
Frequently asked questions
Is Smoothie King a franchise?
Yes. Smoothie King Franchises, Inc., based in Coppell, Texas, has offered franchises since May 1988. Item 20 of its FDD issued April 8, 2026 counts 1,242 units at the end of 2025: 1,200 franchised and 42 owned by a company affiliate, up 41 units in the year. The franchisor itself operates no stores; affiliate Smoothie King Co., Inc. runs them under license (Item 1).
How much is the Smoothie King franchise fee?
The initial franchise fee is $30,000 for a Traditional unit and $15,000 for a Non-Traditional unit, due in a lump sum when you sign and not refundable (Item 5). An existing franchisee in good standing pays $25,000 for each additional unit. Veterans, active service members and first responders with 10 years of service get 20% off, so $30,000 becomes $24,000.
How much does it cost to franchise a Smoothie King drive-thru?
The free-standing drive-thru table in Item 7 adds to $639,950 to $1,278,900; the amended Minnesota copy prints a TOTAL of $624,950 to $1,253,900. Neither covers land or site work, which Note 12 puts at $150,000 to $300,000. The drive-thru also gets 24 months to open instead of 18 (Item 11).
Does the Smoothie King FDD show profit per store?
No. Item 19 of the FDD issued April 8, 2026 reports average annual Unit Net Sales by segment for 2025, 2024 and 2023, plus percentage increases, but no profit, rent, labor or owner pay. We do not republish those sales figures. Subtract the 6% Operating Fee, 3% National Marketing Fee and the fixed monthly charges in Item 6 when you read them.
Does Smoothie King offer financing?
No. Item 7, Note 18 says Smoothie King does not offer financing, directly or indirectly, for any item. The brand is listed in the SBA Franchise Directory under code S1591 (September 29, 2026 file), with a note that the Lease Rider may not be executed when the real estate secures the loan. The lender still decides.
How long does it take to open a Smoothie King?
Item 11 estimates 6 to 12 months from signing or first payment to opening. The agreement sets outer limits: a lease or property within 9 months, and opening within 18 months, or 24 months for a free-standing drive-thru. Miss the 18-month mark and Smoothie King may charge a $500 monthly minimum fee before you open.
Sources
- Smoothie King Franchise Disclosure Document, issued April 8, 2026 (marked copy, Items 1 to 23, Exhibits D, E, F), Smoothie King Franchises, Inc. via Minnesota Department of Commerce CARDS, accessed 2026-11-02.
- Smoothie King Franchise Disclosure Document, issued April 8, 2026, amended pages (cover, Items 6, 7, 17, Minnesota addendum), Smoothie King Franchises, Inc. via Minnesota Department of Commerce CARDS, accessed 2026-11-02.
- 16 CFR 436.5, Disclosure items (2026 edition), U.S. Government Publishing Office, accessed 2026-11-02.
- SBA Franchise Directory, effective September 29, 2026 (xlsx), U.S. Small Business Administration, accessed 2026-11-02.
- Opening a Smoothie King franchise (franchise process and requirements), Smoothie King Franchises, Inc., accessed 2026-11-02.
- Frequently Asked Questions, Smoothie King Franchises, Inc., accessed 2026-11-02.
- A Consumer’s Guide to Buying a Franchise, Federal Trade Commission, accessed 2026-11-02.